Examinations of Philosophy and Identity in Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying - Literature Essay Samples

The story of a dysfunctional family and its epic journey across the South, William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying is famous for its use of multiple narrators who interpret and recount the journey of the Bundren clan from their own unique perspectives. All of the characters, whether members of the family or outsiders who encounter them on the way to Jefferson, have their own agendas and specific views of the world around them, with each of these perspectives in some small way contributing to the larger themes and ideas of Faulkner’s novel. This paper will examine the philosophies of three of these characters in particular Anse, Cash, and Darl Bundren in order to analyze how their differing voices, opinions, and styles of narration allow Faulkner to explore multiple themes and create a more complex novel than would be possible with a single unified narrator. As the father and ostensible leader of the Bundren clan, Anse is the character who seemingly appears to be the most in tent on getting his wife to Jefferson and burying her with her family. He seems committed to honoring Addie’s final wishes, saying multiple times that â€Å"I give her my promise† because her â€Å"mind was set on it,† as well as being the one who insists that the journey must be completed as soon as possible even though that entails making a dangerous river crossing that kills his wagon team and injures Cash (114-15, 125-26). However, Anse’s lazy, hypocritical, and self-interested streak is revealed well before the novel’s shock ending: he claims that â€Å"he was sick once from working in the sun when he was twenty-two years old† and that if â€Å"he ever sweats, he will die,† although that does not stop him from berating Jewel for being tired and unproductive (17, 130). A firm believer in the sedentary lifestyle, he also places the blame for his misfortunes and those of his relations on the presence of the road, which he sees as an enabler of trouble:Durn that road a-laying there, right to my door, where every bad luck that comes and goes is bound to find it when He [God] aims for something to be always a-moving, He makes it long ways, like a road or a horse or a wagon, but when He aims for something to stay put, He makes it up-and-down ways, like a tree or a man because if He aimed for man to be always a-moving and going somewhere else, wouldn’t He a put him longways on his belly, like a snake? It stands to reason He would (35-6).To Anse, life is a series of tasks that must be completed before a man can finally achieve his ultimate dream of becoming completely stationary, whether that be working hard as a child so that he can earn the right to enjoy a relaxed lifestyle in adulthood or traveling down the very same road he denounces in order to find a wife and settle down (11, 171). Anything that conflicts with his personal comfort, whether it is the death of his wife or the actions of his children, wil l cause him to take action to rectify the situation, even at the expense of those he supposedly loves. For example, in order to pay for the wagon trip, he steals the money Cash was going to use to purchase a graphophone (190), agrees (without permission) to trade Jewel’s horse in exchange for a new team of mules (191), and tries to guilt Dewey Dell into making her give him the ten dollars for her abortion, saying:It’s just a loan. God knows, I hate for my blooden children to oppose me. But I give them what was mine without stint. Cheerful, I give them without stint. And now they deny me. Addie. It was lucky you died, Addie (246).As Deborah Chappel notes, this quote contains multiple blatant lies: â€Å"Anse won’t repay the money, he never gave anything unstintingly in his life, and he doesn’t at all mind being reproached† (Chappel, 277). In effect, he is so successful in achieving his goals in the novel precisely because he is a master manipulator, one who possesses the capability to control the other characters around him. The continued repetition of the two phrases â€Å"would you begrudge her?† and â€Å"wouldn’t want us beholden† also indicate his willingness to use the memory of his dead wife as an excuse for his actions, whether it is claiming that Jewel had â€Å"no affection or gentleness for her,† convincing Tull to let him loan out his mule, or not leaving the injured Cash in the care of Armstid because he wants to do the burial first (19, 140, 195). He is even willing to address the ultimate inconvenience, the lack of a wife, by remarrying immediately after the burial, thus negating the entire emotional impact of the trip to inter Addie (261). By employing the petty and languid Anse as a narrator, Faulkner allows the reader to better understand the mindset of a uniquely Southern archetype, the poor white farmer. Anse is the author’s attack on the type of provincial bumpkin whose c lose-mindedness and stupidity had maintained the South’s status as a region disconnected from the greater United States and whose unwillingness to reintegrate into the national fabric would keep it that way unless and until there was a dramatic change in attitude. The character’s emphasis on inactivity and selfishness represents a region-wide malaise and reluctance to break with the identity the South had fashioned for itself from the post-Civil War period up until the time of Faulkner’s writing in the late 1920s. Anse Bundren is the South at its very worst, with him and his family representing the staleness and stagnation that beset the region as a result of its self-imposed isolation. Unlike Anse, Cash is the hardest worker in the family, as well as the only one who has managed to learn a trade beyond mere sustenance farming. However, his narratives in the first half of the book do not deal with the emotional trauma of losing his mother or even give a linear a ccount of the events going on around him; rather, they are discourses about the engineering principles that went into creating the coffin. This unique philosophy makes him the most analytical and level-headed member of the Bundren clan, but it also indicates that he lacks the emotional ability to address his mother’s death directly and that it is only by focusing his grief into his carpentry that he can truly express himself. When Anse calls him into the house to inform him of Addie’s death, Cash doesn’t know to respond:Cash does not look at him Cash does not answer Cash looks down at her face. He is not listening to pa at all. He does not approach the bed. He stops in the middle of the floor, the saw against his leg, his sweating arms powdered lightly with sawdust, his face composed After a while he turns without looking at pa and leaves the room. Then the saw begins to snore again (50).That he enters the room caked in sawdust and carrying a saw indicates the centrality of his profession to Cash’s identity, that even when faced with personal tragedy he must perceive it through the lens of his job in order to truly comprehend it. In effect, he can only empathize with Addie’s passing by turning it into a job involving wood, nails, and tools, which is why immediately after viewing her corpse he resumes sawing the planks for the creation of the coffin. As a result, this coffin becomes a physical manifestation of his grief and emotionality, thus explaining why he becomes so obsessed about making everything about it as perfect as possible. Extra time is invested in beveling it despite the torrential downpour he must work through (79), while he also frets about the fact that Addie was laid in the coffin in the opposite direction from which he intended, saying â€Å"I made it to balance with her. I made it to her measure and weight† (90). His constant repetition of the admonition that â€Å"it is not on a balance† is more than a logistical concern; instead, it is him expressing a fear about the safety of his beloved mother and the wooden tribute he has made to her life. Another interesting element of Cash’s personality is his need for the tools of his trade: when the family wagon is hit by a log and capsizes in the middle of the river, he is knocked unconscious at precisely the same time as he loses them. According to Tim Poland, â€Å"with the near loss of his tools comes the near loss of Cash’s identity, the tenuous, relative identity that is the chief commodity in which the Bundren family trades† (Poland, 118). Without his tools, Cash loses his defining feature and the items that make him an active part of the narrative, the result of which relegates him to the status of a secondary character who can only lie in the back of the wagon alongside the rotting corpse in the coffin he himself created. It is only when they are retrieved from the water that he returns to consciou sness, but with a â€Å"newfound awareness of the relativity of that identity and how deeply it is rooted in his function as a carpenter† that causes him to â€Å"reassess his own identity and the fragile reality of all identity† (Poland, 119). This new Cash is a more balanced and descriptive storyteller, capable of recounting events with a more advanced level of perception than the formulaic lists he provided in his early chapters. He also takes over the role of most competent narrator from Darl, who seems to descend into lunacy at exactly the same moment that Cash reappears with his (literally) retooled understanding of the world. Although his chapters lack the profound insight that Darl’s provide, Cash’s later accounts are more level-headed and reasonable than any other family member’s up to that point, which is why Faulkner has him recount the ultimate ironic shock of his father’s hasty remarriage. By having the most sensible character d escribe these final events, the sense of anti-climax is magnified and further emphasizes just how irrelevant the family’s epic journey really was. In contrast to the rest of the Bundrens, Darl is in some way disconnected from the others both in terms of identity and geography, having actually left the South to serve in France during World War I. As a result, his narrations are the most complex and intellectually rich, and he even possesses the ability to describe events, such as Cash constructing the coffin, that are transpiring while he is physically in another location (75-81). This intangible distinction he possesses, which in some way separates him from his other family members, tends to unsettle people like Vernon Tull, who describes him as â€Å"queer†:He is looking at me. He don’t say nothing; just looks at me with them queer eyes of his that makes folks talk. I always say it aint never been what he done so much or said anything so much as how he looks at you. It’s like he has got inside of you, someway (125).As a result of his unique ability to peer into people’s minds and witness proceedings that he is not tangibly a part of, Darl’s philosophy is highly intertwined with concepts of identity and self-perception, both his own and others. When Vardaman asks him where his mother is, Darl replies, â€Å"I haven’t got ere one Because if I had one, it is was. And if it is was, it can’t be is. Can it?† (101). The use of the past and present forms of â€Å"is† suggests that Darl defines existence based on a more advanced level than the rest of his family, who still refer to Addie’s corpse as â€Å"her† even though she has already died. He is aware of the divide that death creates between being and not-being that renders Addie’s identity into something different from what it once was, just as he is more perceptive than the other Bundrens in his own self-characterizations. His alternate uses of the first and third persons to describe himself are representative of Darl’s innate knowledge about things he really should not be privy to, whether that be Dewey Dell’s tryst, Jewel’s illegitimate status, or even his own existence. Darl somehow knows that he is being observed and followed by some outside source (the reader), and that this switching of perspective between his own personal â€Å"I† and the outsider’s â€Å"He† indicates his awareness of this situation. He is cognizant of the fact that he is a participant in a story and that this knowledge separates him both from the other characters who consider him â€Å"queer† because of the special information he possesses but also from the audience, of whom he is in some part conscious even though he cannot fully reach them; he knows that he still belongs in the world of the narrative. This idea is corroborated by the lack of any real relationships he has w ith other figures in the novel, be it within the family or in the wider circle of the Bundrens’ neighbors and acquaintances. Jewel curses him frequently, Anse becomes upset over his decision to make an extra $3 while Addie is dying, Dewey Dell notifies the police about his barn arson, and even Cash has no problem with sending him to a mental institution, saying that it would be a â€Å"better† situation for him (17, 237-38). In this sense, Darl is a representation of Faulkner himself: his profound statements, narrative voice, and consciousness of the world around him all belong to the author who is broadcasting them through a source within the story itself. By analyzing the differing philosophies present in the chapters described by Anse, Cash, and Darl Bundren, three of the primary narrators in the novel, it is possible to trace how these differing voices make it possible for Faulker to fully emphasize several different facets and themes in the novel. With his steadfa st belief in remaining sedentary and his exploitative personality, Anse represents the zealously backward Southerners who embrace their region’s status as a backwater and who refuse to reintegrate into the rest of the country with an almost inbred sense of stodginess. In contrast, the workmanlike and analytical Cash sees the world through the lens of his profession, even to the point where he is incapable of expressing emotion unless he manifests it in his carpentry. However, the shock of losing his tools and by extension his identity forces him to undergo an emotional and intellectual transformation that turns him into a more balanced, likeable chronicler, making him the ideal choice to deliver the ultimate ironic twist that ends the story. Finally, the most prominent figure in the book is Darl, who, with his special ability to peer into the psyches of others and observe events far away from his present location, is more aware of the gradations of identity that exist than are the other figures in the book, even to the point where he is capable of recognizing the multiple viewpoints from which his own life is being viewed. His ideology is reminiscent of Faulkner himself, and by employing it in tandem with Anse and Cash (as well as every other speaker in the book), the author has modified the form of the novel to give it greater complexity as well the ability to explore more ideas and themes than would be possible with just one narrator. By emphasizing these multiple philosophies and the way in which they influence the way in which the characters who adhere to them view the world, Faulkner is reflecting on the fundamental lack of an objective truth at the heart of the novel. Every one of his characters is an unreliable narrator with his or her own individually twisted and skewed take on life. The result of those perspectives ultimately leads readers to question what they really do and do not know about the events taking place in the story.Sources:Faulk ner, William. As I Lay Dying: The Corrected Text. Modern Library Edition. Modern Library, 2008. Print.

A Comparison of Two Advertisements Essay examples

A Comparison of Two Advertisements Advertising is a way of publicizing a product that you want to sell. There are many of different things to advertise, such as clothes, shoes, cars, watches etc. Advertising promotes the latest goods that are out in the shops. Advertising effects me everyday because every time I see a advertisement it attracts me to the product and I think about buying it or saving up to buy it. In this assignment, I will be talking about two different car advertisements; one car advertisement, the Fiat Stilo advert comes from FHM magazine, a publication aimed at young men aged sixteen and over. The other car, the Rover Streetwise advert comes from the Radio Times which is†¦show more content†¦The Rover streetwise advert has pictures of daily life things such as coffee, donuts, a football, children’s Wellingtons boots and a shopping trolley with groceries inside the trolley. This indicates that the car is a family car and is aimed at married women mainly but can also be used by a family man to drive to and from work. The slogan for the advert â€Å"shrugs of life’s little challenges† is related to the pictures for example the child’s muddy Wellington boot. The donut would represent the father who is hungry on the way home or to work, the shopping trolley would represent that the car is useful for a family shopping spree. The advert al so uses the word ‘Bump’ which is saying that even if a heavy load is in the car it can still go over speed bumps. I like the way the advert creates an image of characters in the readers mind, although you cannot see a physical person (image) but the pictures imply their existence. For example, like when I saw the picture of the Wellingtons, an image of a little boy was the first thing I thought of. The advert tells stories of different family lives because each picture relates to many things in everyday life. 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Advertising Mixture of Art and Science - 966 Words

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The Project Success Criteria

Question: Describe the projects premise deliverable(s), constraints (the iron triangle + external environment: organisation (setup and strategy), industry, economy)? Answer: Project Success Criteria The project success criteria will be set using iron triangle. Other than iron triangle, there are other consideration for ensuring project success. Those are, Satisfaction of the stakeholders Satisfaction of the end users. Impact on ROI. Qualitative and quantitative benefits from the project. Iron Triangle Iron triangle is used to measure the balance between three important factors of project management, time, cost and quality. Iron triangle helps to embed sustainability in a project. It considers the scope and objectives of the project also. (Newton, 2013) The iron triangle of the project is, It describes the fact that, right balance of time, cost and scope brings out the best quality project management. Project constraints The project constraints will be explained using the following diagram.(Maylor, 2003) In the context of the current project, Input Integration of the business processes. Security of the copyrighted materials. An efficient eBusiness platform. Output An integrated ERP solution for the publishing business An eBusiness solution Implementation of information security in the project. Mechanism Knowledge comprises of people, capital and technology. The capital is the cost of the existing infrastructure, its resources etc. The people in this project are the persons from management of the publishing company. The IT project team from the consultancy. The end users. Then the technologies are, Technology for implementation of a LAN based office environments. Servers, related technologies. ERP solution. Ecommerce and web technologies. Information and network security technologies like firewall, anti-virus, proxy servers etc. Constraints The constraints on the project are, The project should be completed within time and budget. All required functionalities should be implemented. The project context The context of the project has been described below, Scope The project will help the publishing company in implementation of information technology in their business. ERP system implementation will integrate all their business process and the technologies. The business processes will be faster and more efficient. ROI will be more from this project. The eBusiness platform will help to extend their business over the online platforms. (Hobbs, 2009) Strategy, Structure and system The project management strategy will be agile project management. It will help the business to deliver their needs within their budget and time. As the business dont have similar infrastructure, so they may wish to change. Thus agile strategy has been taken. It will also allow constant participation of the end users and the management team from the business into the project. So, there will be enhanced communication and collaboration. There will be matrix structure followed in the project management. It will be balanced. The authority and decision making power will be distributed to the top level functional manager from the business and the IT manager from the consultancy, who the project manager also.(Hill Jones, 2012) Culture and skill The culture in the organization is quite good. People are co-operative and enthusiastic. The project team will work collaboratively as a single team. Administration has control over its employees. Participation and all type of communication for the project will be ensured. The management team from the business is highly qualifies and have detailed ideas of the business process. Their skills and knowledge will help the IT project management team to understand the business process and work accordingly. (Kousholt, 2007) Project objectives trade-offs The objective of the project is to have a high quality system within the cost and time constraints. The summary of the project objective tradeoffs can be, Time Cost Quality Performance conformance Moderate time is available for the project. Moderate budget is available. Highest quality is needed. Project Definition The project is about ERP implementation for the publishing company. They want a quality system having all required security implementation. There are copyrighted materials used in the business, thus it need to ensure all kind of data privacy and protection cases. The project will develop an integrated ERP system for the business. It will cover all business processes and eBusienss facilities. The implementation of the system will be done in 2 phases. At first the core business processes will be implemented using the ERP solution then the rest will be implemented. There is an important part to transfer data from the old system to the new one. Project Proposal Name of the Project: Implementation of ERP in the Publishing House. Project Sponsor: Project manager: Date of Commencement Duration of the project Scope: Deliverables: Version Document Prepared by Changes 1.0 Project proposal Project Manager Initial document. Status: Approved / Rejected Signed by Date Stakeholder register Stakeholder Influence Role Project Sponsor Very high Project sponsor provides the funding of the project and will be directly affected from the outcome from this project. Top level management Very high The top level management will be responsible for managing the project successfully. Project manager Very high The project manager will be responsible to carry out the instruction of the top level management and complete the project successfully using the available resources and satisfying all constraints. Project team members Moderate Will be responsible to follow up the instructions from project manager. IT consultancy Very high They are responsible to implement the ERP system successfully and that the main focus of the project. All technical aspects will be carried out by them. Authors High The authors will share their manuscripts with the publication house. If those are not protected by the system then they will be badly affected. Bookstore owners Moderate The bookstores will be able to place order and communicate with the publishing house through the online eBusiness platform. Employees Moderate The employees are part of the organization. So the will be affected from the outcome of the project to some extent. Time Planning The gantt chart and work break down structure is, The network diagram and critical path is, Cost Planning There are different type of cost planning methods for a project. The main objective of cost planning for a project is to identify the relationship among price, cost and profit of a project. (Kerzner, 2013) The simple equations are, cost + profit = price. The price will consider the cost for materials, labor, project overhead, other overheads and profit. There are two types of cost estimation techniques. Top down and bottom up. The project manager will be responsible for cost planning process. The funding of this project is the responsibility of the publishing house. Thus the project manager will have funding for the project from them. A constraint on the project management will be avoiding cash flows. The payment done to the suppliers will be tracked. The planning will consider the accounting period of the funding and scheduling time of the project. The spending on the project will be tracked. Quality Planning The quality planning for this project will be considers based the following decisions, (Kerzner, 2013) What are the standards and specifications that are required to meet in this project? What are the metrics that will be used to evaluate whether the specifications have met the standards? Different criteria of project authorization process in different phases. What will be the tools and techniques used in Quality assurance and Quality control? Different quality control activities to be performed in different phases on project management. Risk Management Risk management will help to uncover the risks related to a project in the early of the project development process. An effective risk management process will consider identification of the risks, evaluation of the risks and possible mitigations. (Hillson, 2012) The risk register is, ID Risk Impact of the risk Likelihood of occurrence Countermeasures 1 Shortage of funding Project may get suspended Low Proper cost estimation considering contingencies should be done 2 Schedule slippage Project may get suspended Low Critical path should be considered carefully. 3 Lack of resources Project may pause. Low Resources can be arranged if necessary. 4 Failure of the system in first phase Project may get suspended High The project management should be done very carefully and so is the ERP implementation. 5 Loss of data during transition from old to new system System may not work properly High It must be done very carefully with adequate back up arrangements. 6 Attacks by hackers System may not work properly High Proper information security implementations will be done. 7 Information theft There will be legal issue and the business will be badly affected. High Proper information security implementations will be done. Project Change Control Change control of the project or Change management of the project is defined in the very first of the project and it will be followed throughout the project. (Newton, 2013) There will be a standard format to request change. All change requests should be submitted following this format. There should be clear description on the following topics in a change request. Brief and concise details of the actual change request. This is needed in the form of a statement. It will help in outlining the targeted item for change. The project management team will get the subject of the request from this information. Clear and detailed reasoning behind the change request. The rationale behind the change request should be given in details in this part. In this section there should be detailed information about the changes if the change request in accepted and implemented. Then there should be an expected date for implementation of the change. It does not confirms that the change will be implemented within this date for sure. After receiving change request the project manager will review it and forward the same to the top level management, with explanation of his/ her opinion on it. The top level management then review it and take decision about this change request. It may be accepted or rejected. If it is accepted then the project manager will implement all required changed in the project schedule. Project oriented PPM and Project Maturity Model The project portfolio management or PPM will have a centralized approach in the management of the project. The processes, technologies and methodologies used in the project by the project management officers and project managers will be considered in the project portfolio management. All these technologies, processes and methodologies will be analyzed collectively. (Meredith Mantel, 2011) The operational and financial goals will be analyzed in portfolio management. The optimal mix of the resources conforming to the delivery of the project successfully will be considered in this case. There are several environmental factors like strategic objectives, customers etc. those things will be covered also. The project management maturity model will be used for assessing the processes and carrying out portfolio management. The key processes will be hierarchically structured. It will help in setting sensible and realistic goals around the key processes. There are 5 such structured levels for assessment of project maturity. Those are, Project awareness at level 1 Repeatable processes at level 2 Defining processes at level 3 Management of processes at level 4 Optimization of processes at level 5 Stakeholder Management Perspectives During this stakeholder management and organizational behavior will be closely monitored. There will be different controls set for it. Some of the best practices to be followed are, (Fusco, 1997) There will be clear communication among the team members and stakeholders. As all stakeholders have some responsibilities to the project and they have some degree of influence on the project, hence, their opinions will be considered very closely. All stakeholders will be requested to participate in the project management during the process whenever necessary. Thus active participations from all stakeholders should be encouraged throughout the project. All members, employees and stakeholders will work like a team, no incident that may encourage the team spirit or morale will be entertained. Management leadership There will be in house team and they will work on site. There will be top level management with various managers from different departments of the publishing business. Under them the project manager assigned from the IT consultancy will manage the project. References Fusco, J. C., 1997. Better Policies Provide the Key to Implementing Project Management. Project Management Journal. Futrell, R. T., Shafer, D. F. Shafer, L., 2002. Quality Software Project Management. s.l.:Prentice Hall Professional. Harrison, J. John, C. S., 2013. Foundations in Strategic Management. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Highsmith, J., 2009. Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products. s.l.:Pearson Education. Hill, C. Jones, G., 2009. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Hill, C. Jones, G., 2012. Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Hillson, D., 2012. Managing Risk in Projects. s.l.:Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Hobbs, P., 2009. Project Management. s.l.:Dorling Kindersley Limited. Kerzner, H. R., 2013. Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and Dashboards: A Guide to Measuring and Monitoring Project Performance. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. R., 2013. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Kousholt, B., 2007. Project Management Theory and practice. s.l.:s.n. Larson, E. W. Gray, C. F., 2011. Project Management. s.l.:McGraw Hill. Lock, D., 2007. Project Management. s.l.:s.n. Maylor, H., 2003. Project Management. s.l.:Pearson. Meredith, J. R. Mantel, J. S. J., 2011. Project Management: A Managerial Approach. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Morrison, E. D. et al., 2011. Strategic alignment of business processes. International Workshop on Engineering Service-Oriented Applications. Newton, R., 2013. The Project Management Book. s.l.:Pearson UK. Schwalbe, K., 2013. Information Technology Project Management. s.l.:Cengage Learning.

Window of Vulnerability Calculation Essay Example

Window of Vulnerability Calculation Paper CALCULATE THE WINDOW OF VULNERABILITY A security breach has been identified within a small Microsoft workgroup LAN. The workgroup consists of three primary workgroups which contain group membership lists of users within the Active Directory infrastructure that currently exists on the SMB Server that is located within the confines of the LAN structure. The security breach, which is defined as any event that results in a violation of any of the CIA (confidentiality, integrity, availability) security principles, was caused by the SMB server being accessed by an unauthorized user due to a security hole that was detected by the server software manufacturer the previous day. The security patch will not be available until possible as long as three days, but hopefully within that timeframe. In addition, the LAN administrator needs at least one week (minimum) to download, test, and install the patch. To calculate the Window of Vulnerability (WoV) for this security breach, the following timeline will be used as a guideline to determine the basis for calculation: However, first it is important to understand the variables considered in this timeline formula. The WoV is the period within which defensive measures are reduced, compromised, or lacking. The WoV covers a timeline from the moment a vulnerability is discovered and identified by the vendor. We will write a custom essay sample on Window of Vulnerability Calculation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Window of Vulnerability Calculation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Window of Vulnerability Calculation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It also includes the time taken to create, publish, and finally apply a fix to the vulnerability. It is also important to explore the device(s) that were targeted by the attack. In this instance, being the SMB server within the LAN. The SMB server utilizes an application layer network protocol, which can run atop the session layer. It provides shared access to files, printers, serial ports, and network nodes (workstations, laptops, desktops, etc. ) and provides a client/server relationship throughout the network. This means that every domain layer of the IT Infrastructure can possibly be affected at some level by this security breach that has occurred, which must be considered in the timeframe analysis of the WoV as well. In addition, it is important to consider exactly how this security breach occurred, when determining counter-measures to contain and reduce the likelihood of any such occurrences from happening again. However, these factors are not actually part of the timeline for calculating the WoV, but should be addressed when understanding the WoV. The security hole that was detected by the server software manu-facturer the previous day gave the unauthorized user a window of opportunity/vulnerability by discovering the backdoor (security hole) to access resources and bypass existing security controls, password encryption, and access controls that were put in place to protect the IT infrastructure. It is possible that a utility such as netcat was used or a rootkit or some type of Trojan horse backdoor software or device. Calculation of Window of Vulnerability: Factors to consider in the timeline: * 1 Day Ago = Security Hole Detected by Manufacturer * 3 Days = A patch will be Available 1 Week = Minimum time for LAN admin to download/test/install patch Therefore, Day 0 = 09/28/12; + 3 days = 10/01/12; + 7 days = 10/08/12 (min) *[+ 2 days extra for any potential problems] 10/10/12 = Day n . This can be depicted in the following graphical display: Day n = a total of 13 days have elapsed from Day 0 . In conclusion, the WoV would be 1 3 days based on this timeframe. *You could conceivably calculate the WoV to be 11 days without including the additional 2 days I figured in for margin of error/potential problems. However, it is best to always calculate on a worst-case scenario basis when calculating the Window of Vulnerability

Reality of the situation Essay Example

Reality of the situation Essay Example Reality of the situation Paper Reality of the situation Paper Presently, chronic diseases for example, heart diseases, diabetes and cancer are the major causes of disability and even deaths in America. These diseases are estimated to account for a bout 70% of total deaths, which translates to 1.7 million deaths every year. In addition, chronic diseases result in considerable limitations in every day living for nearly 25 million American, which are about 10 out of 100 people. Even though, these chronic diseases are amongst the most widespread and very costly health issues, these diseases are as well amongst the most preventable diseases. Taking up health behaviors for instance, eating healthy food, avoiding using tobacco and remaining physically active are measures which can easily prevent or manage the ravaging effects brought about by these chronic diseases. This paper is going to take a critical look on how to prevent heart disease and stroke which are first and third major causes of deaths in America today. The paper will examine the reality of the situation, highlight the costs of heart disease and stroke and outline preventives measures which need to be followed to arrest the situation. Reality of the situation Heart disease and stroke are main constituents of cardiovascular disease, which are among the leading causes of deaths in America estimated to account for about 40% of total deaths. About 930,000 Americans pass away due to cardiovascular diseases yearly, which translate to one person dying in every 34 seconds. Nearly 70 millions of Americans (about 20% of total population) suffer from some kind of cardiovascular disease, accounting for over 6 million people being hospitalized every year. A lot of expenses resulting from heart diseases and stroke may possibly be prevented through decreasing their main risk factors, which are: tobacco usage, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and high blood cholesterol. (American Heart Association, 2006) The costs of heart disease and stroke in terms of lives and money In 2005 it was estimated that heart disease and stroke costs were in excess of $394 billions. Out of this amount, $242 billion went to health care costs, while $152 billion are due to lost productivity resulting from disability and deaths caused by these diseases. In 2002, the expenses of hospitalization due to cardiovascular complications amongst Medicare beneficiaries reached $29 billion (American Heart Association, 2006) Over 870, 000 Americans die from hart diseases and stroke yearly, this translates about 2,400 dying each passing day (American Heart Association, 2006) In addition to this, heart disease and stroke are major causes of disability of the USA workforce resulting in about 1 million people being disabled due to stroke only. The chart below shows the costs resulting from heart disease and stroke. (Source: Chronic Disease Prevention: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention; Addressing the Nations Leading Killers: www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/about.htm )

Workplace Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Workplace Learning - Essay Example The conscious development of the formal and informal learning fronts in work place sites has culminated from the management decisiveness on the aspects of competitiveness and as well product and market strategies. "The development has come from the frameworks within which decisions are taken regarding the factors of how work is organized within an organisational and also how people are managed." (Coombs, P.H. 1985) Various scholars as well as other researchers have concurred that the integration of various economic and commercial factors has had a significant bearing on the establishment of the broad parameters in which opportunities and obstacles to the effectual existence of work place learning obtain. Research outcomes have led to positions that expansive rather that restrictive environment are perceived to be pro-learning at work as well as the convergence of personal and organisational development. Researches into various workplace domain dynamics have culminated in the establishment of a theoretical framework that seeks to explain and contextualise the dynamics around which the manner in which new entrants into a career acquire knowledge and skills that empower them tackle the challenges posed by their career compositions. The dimension of workplace newcomers has been relished with valuable contributions from Lave and Wenger who developed the interlinked tenets of legitimate peripheral participation as well as communities of practice to explain how workplace newcomers (the valid peripheral partakers) develop to full participant status in a defined community of practice. Watkins, K. E. (2001) concur that the newcomers are perceived to embrace learning as a collective relational process which entails the cooperation of the novices with the more experienced personnel. "In our perspective , the acquisition of knowledge is not merely situated in practice like it were some independently definable prices that just occurred to be situated somewhere; the acquisition of knowledge in an integral part of generative social practice in the lived-in world". (Lave and Wenger 1991) Lave and Wenger view the situated learning theory as an essential thrust for those areas tied to social practice as well as that in has contributions to attempts at surmounting what has been called by theorists (Engerstrom 1991) as "The encapsulation of school of learning". Much interest that has been culminated from the forerunning frameworks and ideas on apprenticeship and education has been directed to the non-formal or structured environs. The interest has lead many scholars to invest into researches of workplace learning. Expansive Learning has is enunciated in Engestrom's model of expansive learning. The thrust of the theoretical framework is aimed at fostering significant changes at organisational levels of entities." the object of expansive learning is knowledge impartation process in which the learners are involved." According to the scholars, expansive learning activities generate culturally new trends of activity. Further, expansive learning at work particularly generates new forms of work activity" (Fuller and Unwin 2008, p 129) Basing on the frame work of the expansive learning